On November 13, 1940, the German Luftwaffe unleashed a devastating bombing raid on the British industrial city of Coventry during World War II, an attack that would become a watershed moment in aerial warfare and strategic bombing.

Operation Moonlight Sonata, as the Germans called it, was a meticulously planned nocturnal bombardment designed to decimate the city's industrial infrastructure. Over 500 German bombers, guided by a sophisticated radio navigation system, descended upon Coventry in a five-hour onslaught that would become one of the most notorious bombing raids of the war.

The British had advance warning through Ultra intelligence intercepts, but faced a horrific strategic dilemma: revealing they had cracked German communication codes could compromise their most valuable intelligence asset. Thus, they made the gut-wrenching decision to allow the attack to proceed with minimal defensive preparations.

By the raid's conclusion, over 70% of Coventry's buildings were destroyed, including its medieval cathedral. The city center was reduced to a smoldering wasteland, with 568 civilians killed and another 863 seriously wounded. The term "to Coventrate" entered the lexicon, meaning to utterly destroy a city through aerial bombardment.

This single night transformed not just Coventry, but the very nature of warfare, introducing a terrifying new dimension of total conflict where civilian populations became primary targets.