9 OTT 2024 · The relationship between the United States and China has emerged as a defining element in the arena of global politics, intensifying as both nations assert their influence. Since Donald Trump took office as U.S. president, there has been an increased emphasis on the dynamics of great-power competition, with particular focus on the bilateral ties between the U.S. and China. This rivalry has influenced policies and strategies on both sides and shaped the global landscape in various domains, including trade, technology, military capabilities, and ideological narratives.
In 2017, the Trump administration’s National Security Strategy officially recognized China as a strategic competitor. This marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, moving away from engagement and cooperation towards a framework characterized by vigilance and competition. This pivot was predicated on concerns over China's growing economic and military ambitions, including its assertive actions in the South China Sea, advancements in artificial intelligence and cyber capabilities, and its Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to expand Chinese influence through infrastructure investments in numerous countries.
China’s rise and its implications for global stability preoccupy policy circles in Washington. The U.S. has responded by tightening export controls on American technology to China and conducting freedom of navigation operations in contested maritime regions. The economic dimension of this competition is particularly significant, marked by a trade war involving tariffs and restrictions that have disrupted global supply chains and amplified economic tensions.
Meanwhile, the defense strategies of both nations have evolved in light of this competition. China’s military modernization and investments in state-of-the-art systems like anti-satellite weapons and hypersonic missiles have drawn the attention of the U.S. Department of Defense. In response, the U.S. has increased its focus on Indo-Pacific alliances, enhancing collaboration with regional partners such as Japan, Australia, and India to counterbalance China’s military overtures.
Beyond the tangible domains of economy and military, this great-power rivalry encompasses the ideational sphere. The ideological contention between democratic governance, as represented by the U.S., and China’s authoritarian model, heralds deeper global implications. This clash impacts various international institutions where both powers vie for influence, as seen in diplomatic engagements, climate negotiations, and human rights dialogues.
Despite tensions, there are areas where collaboration remains possible and necessary. Addressing global challenges like climate change, pandemics, and nuclear proliferation requires cooperation between the U.S. and China, underscoring the complexity of their relationship. Diplomatic engagement continues, albeit cautiously, emphasizing the need to manage competition responsibly and avoid escalation into conflict.
Looking ahead, the U.S. aims to regain its edge in great-power competition by leveraging its technological innovations, reinforcing alliances, and promoting values of freedom and democracy. Washington strives to balance competition with engagement, advocating for a rules-based international order while navigating the challenges posed by China’s ascent. The delicate dance of diplomacy, deterrence, and dialogue will define future relations between these two global giants, shaping the contours of 21st-century geopolitics.