The realm of aviation is marked not only by its triumphs in technology and connectivity but also by the myriad challenges it faces, ranging from safety risks like bomb threats and bird strikes to operational contingencies such as technical malfunctions. This complexity is further deepened by economic and policy issues, illustrated by the troubling trend of foreign airlines reevaluating their operations in burgeoning markets like India.

When faced with bomb threats onboard, the protocol for airlines is highly systematic and prioritizes passenger safety above all. Each airline has a developed framework that often begins with the flight crew notifying air traffic control and following a designated emergency procedure which may include rerouting the aircraft to the nearest airport. Passengers are typically evacuated swiftly upon landing via slides, and bomb disposal units are called in to manage the threat. Training for such scenarios is rigorous, ensuring every member of the crew understands their role in the evacuation process, from pilots to cabin staff.

Bird strikes are another significant hazard, having the potential to cause critical damage to aircraft, particularly during takeoff and landing when planes are at lower altitudes. Several methods are being explored and implemented to mitigate these incidents, including habitat modification around airports, use of technology to detect and deter birds using radar and acoustic systems, and modifying flight schedules to avoid high bird activity times.

Meanwhile, the Indian aviation market presents a paradox of potential shadowed by pitfalls. Foreign airlines have expressed concerns over operational difficulties, including high taxes, complex regulations, and infrastructure issues, which juxtapose sharply against India's rapidly growing passenger market. This has led some to reconsider their involvement in the region, posing serious questions about the future of international aviation connectivity in India.

One particular incident that underscores operational hazards occurred recently involving a United Airlines Boeing 777. The aircraft had to divert to Gander following a hydraulic leak, a serious issue that can affect the control surfaces used to steer the plane. The quick response by the crew and the subsequent safe landing highlights the relentless emphasis on safety in aviation, but also points to the challenges of maintaining sophisticated jetliners.

Each of these aspects from bomb threats to economic issues in large aviation markets like India highlights the complexities and multifaceted challenges facing the aviation industry today. Ensuring the safety of passengers and crew while maintaining efficient operations and navigating economic and regulatory environments demands constant vigilance, adaptability, and innovation from airlines and regulatory bodies alike.