Cahokia, the largest pre-Columbian settlement north of Mexico, stands as a testament to the sophisticated urban and political development of the Mississippian culture. Located near present-day St. Louis, this thriving metropolis, home to as many as 20,000 people at its height, was a hub of trade and culture. Cahokia’s intricate urban planning featured massive earthen mounds used for political, ceremonial, and religious purposes, reflecting a highly organized society with a complex hierarchy. Its far-reaching trade networks connected much of North America, enabling the exchange of goods and ideas. Despite its success, the decline of Cahokia and the Mississippian culture remains a mystery. Possible causes include environmental degradation, resource depletion, and social unrest. The fall of this civilization had significant impacts on the region, reshaping the cultural landscape before the arrival of European settlers. Cahokia’s rise and fall demonstrate the advanced nature of indigenous societies long before European contact.