Toxophilus is an insightful exploration of target archery through the lens of the English Longbow. The book is thoughtfully divided into two main parts the first passionately argues for the promotion of target archery as a healthy pursuit that enhances individual well-being and bolsters national defense; the second serves as a comprehensive instruction manual for mastering the English longbow in target archery. Written in 1545, during a time when the longbow had been a staple of European warfare since medieval times, Ascham emphasizes how target archery prepares individuals for the rigors of battle. Readers will find his observations on the nuances of equipment and shooting performance surprisingly relevant, as he delves into topics such as finger spacers, arrow spine, barrelled shafts, bow hand placement, nocking points, and draw length indicators. Dedicated to the keen archer King Henry VIII, who was so impressed by the work that he awarded Ascham a pension of ten pounds annually, this book bridges the gap between historical practice and modern archery techniques. Edited by J. A. Giles. (Summary by Clive Catterall)