KARMA YOGA - 3. SVADHARMA - ONE’S OWN DUTY - Sri Swami Sivananda - The Practice of Karma Yoga - with FULL English Translation of all Sanskrit Words.

Chapter 3: Svadharma
In Chapter 3 of Sri Swami Sivananda's "The Practice of Karma Yoga", the concept of Svadharma is explored in-depth. Svadharma, or "one's own duty," is a cornerstone of Karma Yoga, the yoga of selfless action. Swami Sivananda emphasizes the significance of performing one's prescribed duties, according to one's nature, without attachment to the results. This chapter provides clarity on how to understand and adhere to Svadharma, guiding aspirants in their spiritual journey toward liberation.

1. What Is Svadharma?
Svadharma refers to the personal duty or responsibility that an individual must fulfill based on their nature, station in life, and social position. According to Swami Sivananda, every person has a unique role in the cosmic order, and fulfilling that role with devotion is crucial for spiritual growth. Svadharma is not a one-size-fits-all concept. It is based on the inherent qualities of an individual (their guna), and it is aligned with the duties prescribed by their societal role, which can include being a student, a householder, a warrior, or a sage. The core of Svadharma lies in performing one’s duties without ego, without seeking personal gain, and without attachment to the fruits of action. Swami Sivananda teaches that by following one's Svadharma, a person contributes to the harmony of the world and attains inner peace. Importantly, Svadharma should be chosen and followed with a sense of right conduct (dharma) rather than from selfish desires or egoistic motives.

2. Duties of Man
Swami Sivananda explains that duty is an essential aspect of human life, and it encompasses various facets such as moral, social, familial, and spiritual obligations. The duties of a man are guided by the principles of dharma, which vary based on the individual's role and stage of life (the ashramas). Duties are inherently connected with the roles one plays in society. A student’s duty is to study and acquire knowledge; a householder’s duty is to support their family and contribute to society; a warrior’s duty is to protect and uphold justice; and a spiritual aspirant’s duty is to meditate and seek self-realization. Swami Sivananda emphasizes that all duties should be performed selflessly, without attachment to personal desires, for they purify the heart and mind, enabling spiritual progress. By focusing on one’s own duties and avoiding interference with the duties of others, individuals can maintain the proper order of life and contribute to the greater good.

3. The Three Gunas
The concept of the three gunas—Sattva (goodness, purity), Rajas (activity, passion), and Tamas (inertia, ignorance)—is essential in understanding Svadharma. Swami Sivananda explains that each individual is influenced by these gunas to varying degrees, and their actions are a reflection of the dominant guna. These qualities shape an individual’s nature, character, and behavior.

• Sattva: When predominating, it leads to actions characterized by purity, wisdom, and harmony. People dominated by Sattva are inclined toward selfless service, spirituality, and contemplation.
• Rajas: When predominating, Rajas results in desires, ambition, and action driven by personal goals. Those dominated by Rajas tend to be driven by worldly ambitions and attachment to the fruits of their labor.
• Tamas: When predominating, it leads to lethargy, ignorance, and confusion. People with a predominance of Tamas are often stuck in inertia, indulging in ignorance and selfish desires.

Understanding one’s own nature, based on the predominance of these three gunas, is vital for identifying and following one’s Svadharma. For example, a person dominated by Sattva might be naturally inclined toward spiritual pursuits, while a person influenced by Rajas might be drawn to worldly activities and leadership, and one influenced by Tamas may need to focus on overcoming ignorance and laziness.

4. Karma Indriyas
Karma Indriyas refers to the faculties or instruments of action, namely the five organs of action: the hands, legs, speech, genital organs, and excretory organs. Swami Sivananda stresses that these organs are the means through which we perform our actions in the world. However, without proper control and guidance, these faculties can become instruments of ego and selfish desires. In the practice of Karma Yoga, the aim is to transcend the limitations of the Karma Indriyas by using them as tools for selfless action. Every action performed with the Karma Indriyas should be done as an offering to the divine, without attachment or personal gain. This is in line with the teaching that all actions, if done in alignment with one's Svadharma, can purify the mind and lead to spiritual growth.

5. The Pseudo Karma Yogi
Swami Sivananda cautions against the Pseudo Karma Yogi, who pretends to practice selfless action but is actually driven by personal motives and desires. Such individuals may outwardly appear to be engaged in selfless work, but inwardly, they remain attached to the fruits of their actions and seek personal gains such as fame, recognition, or material rewards. A true Karma Yogi, according to Swami Sivananda, is one who performs actions without any attachment to the results, offering them to the Divine with the firm understanding that all actions are a manifestation of the Supreme. The Pseudo Karma Yogi, on the other hand, still harbors desires and ego, thus hindering their spiritual progress. Self-examination, detachment, and mindfulness are key to ensuring that one's actions remain pure and in line with true Karma Yoga.

6. Mithyachara or False Conduct
Mithyachara, or "false conduct," refers to the practice of pretending to be virtuous or righteous without genuinely embodying those qualities. Swami Sivananda points out that many individuals engage in Mithyachara by outwardly performing acts of charity, spirituality, or selflessness while secretly indulging in desires or selfish motives. Such false conduct does not purify the mind and will ultimately lead to spiritual stagnation. True spiritual growth, as Swami Sivananda teaches, comes from sincere and authentic practice of one’s Svadharma, without any pretense or ego. The Karma Yogi must be honest and truthful in their actions, aligning their outer behavior with their inner spiritual goals. Mithyachara impedes this alignment and, therefore, should be avoided at all costs.

7. Instructions to Aspirants
In this section, Swami Sivananda offers direct advice to those seeking to practice Karma Yoga and follow their Svadharma. The aspirant is encouraged to engage in selfless action with the understanding that the goal is not to attain personal benefits, but to purify the mind and heart. Swami Sivananda advises that one should:

• Perform duties selflessly: Every action should be an offering to the Divine, free of ego, and without any attachment to the results.
• Cultivate detachment: It is essential to detach oneself from the fruits of actions and develop a sense of equanimity.
• Live according to one’s nature: Recognize your individual strengths and weaknesses and act in alignment with your Svadharma, without comparing yourself to others.
• Avoid false actions: Engage in genuine selfless service, free from pretense and selfish motives.
• Meditate regularly: Regular meditation helps to develop awareness and spiritual insight, purifying the mind and guiding one towards the realization of the Self.

Swami Sivananda encourages the aspirant to be patient, persistent, and focused on the ultimate goal of liberation (Moksha), which can be attained by following Svadharma and practicing Karma Yoga.
In conclusion, Chapter 3 of Sri Swami Sivananda’s "The Practice of Karma Yoga" provides a profound and practical guide to understanding and practicing Svadharma. By fulfilling one’s duties selflessly and in accordance with one's nature, a person can cultivate spiritual purity, harmony, and inner peace. Swami Sivananda’s teachings encourage us to embrace our unique roles in life with devotion, detachment, and integrity, helping us move towards the ultimate goal of self-realization and liberation.  

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